A computer security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability. A cyber crime basically means an online or Internet-based illegal act. These illegal act include :
- Hackers
- Crackers
- Script Kiddies
- Corporate Spies
- Unethical Employees
- Cyber Terrorists
- Cyber Extortionist
Internet and Network Attacks
- A botnet is a group of compromised computers connected to a network. A compromised computer may often be known as a zombie.
- A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to Internet services.
- A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls.
- Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate.
A firewall is a hardware or software that protects a network's resources from intrusion.
These types of hardware/software includes:
Intrusion detection software:
- Analyzes all network traffic
- Assesses system vulnerabilities
- Identifies any unauthorized intrusions
- Notifies network administrators of suspicious behavior patterns or system breaches.
Honeypot:
- Vulnerable computer that is set up to entice an intruder to break into it.
Unauthorized Access and Use
Unauthorized access is the use of a computer or network without permission. Whereas Unauthorized use is the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities.
Access controls define who can access a computer, when they can access it, and what actions that can take.
A bio-metric device authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code in a computer.
Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks. Many areas use digital forensics, like the law enforcement, the criminal prosecutors, military intelligence, insurance agencies, and information security departments.
Software Theft
Software theft usually occurs if someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs, illegally copies a program or even illegally registers or activities a program.
A single-user license agreement typically contains certain conditions. Which is that they are permitted to install the software on one computer, make one copy of the software, or remove the software from your computer before giving it away or selling it. They are not permitted to install the software on a network, give copies to friends or colleagues while continuing to use the software, export the software, or rent or lease the software.
Information Theft
Information theft occurs only when someone steals personal or confidential information. Encryption is the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.
A digital signature is an encrypted code that a person, website, or even an organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the sender. Popular security techniques includes:
- Digital certificates
- Transport Layer Security
- Secure HTTP
- VPN
System Failure
A system failure is the prolonged malfunction of a computer. A variety of factors can lead to system failure, including:
-Aging hardware
-Natural disasters
-Electrical power problems such as noise, under-voltages, and over-voltages.
-Errors in computer programs.
Two ways to protect from system failures caused by electrical power variations include surge protectors and uninterruptable power supplies.
Ethics and Society
Computer ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems. Information accuracy is a concern. Because not all information on the Web is correct.
Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled for their work. A copyright protects any tangible form of expression.
An IT code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine whether a specific computer action is ethical or unethical.
Green computing involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer.
Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them. A cookie is a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer.
Spam is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting. E-mail filtering blocks e-mail messages from designated sources. Anti-spam programs attempts to remove spam before it reaches your inbox.
Social engineering is defined as gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of trust and naivety.
Employee monitoring involves the use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a computer.
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